Differentials are complex mechanical elements and changing a gasket or pinion seal comes with a significantly lower cost than having to rebuild the entire differential or swap it out completely. When issues start to occur, a howling sound might appear from the rear of your truck while driving. It can be continuous, come and go or even change pitch as it all depends on the load on the differential as well as the severity of the issue.
I have an aging fleet of DM690s that are used in ready mixed concrete. They all have the 44,000LB fabricated steel rear axle housings.I have started to replace rear axle housing due to corrosion from acid cleaners and cracks near the differential housing gasket flange.I have notice the cracks always appear on the drivers side,under the bevel gear compartment and near the the gasket surface and/or mounting bolt holes.I have also had difficulty in finding good usable replacement housings.They are cracked in the same location.It seems that its always the rear,rear housing AND it used a horizontal anti-sway torque rod.I havent seen any cracked housings used in the front,rear location.I have welded the cracks on one housing,(50,000) because I couldnt locate a replacement.Its been 2 years ago and it seems good.Has anyone else performed repairs on this type housings ,where they were able to monitor their repairs for the years following.
crack in rear end housing 12 bolt truck
That happens because the transverse torque rod is constantly trying to tear the diff out of the banjo housing every time the truck goes around a corner. I've welded them before, as long as you vee out the crack, get good penetration & then put a reinforcement plate on the outside of the housing, it will usually stay fixed. The other way to solve the problem is to find a used "cast" banjo housing to replace the fabricated one. The cast housings don't crack under those conditions. Cast housongs are getting hard to find though, because most have been bought up for just that reason.
Have the same issue with my rear rear... I have 34k rears so think its more to do with stress in that area... Mine cracked right thru one of the bolt holes near the back drverside. Had to grind it flat to help it seal better...
Our 2001 RD690 has the 44,000 fabricated and the rear rear has been leaking for years. We took the rear out welded it and it lasted about a month. Has been leaking for last 4 or 5 years since fix. Never have seen cast housings crack. We have a set of 46,000 cast one and and we are thinking about putting those in.
When I bought my RD the rear housing had been busted and repaired, then cracked again and leaking when I bought it. I assumed it was cast, and I didn't even know there was any other kind. I bought a used housing (also cast, I assume,) and swapped it in. It hasn't leaked ever since, (going on two years.) I did notice, however, upon swapping the housings out, that the one I bought was actually a front housing. I just stripped the spiders off of the old housing and mouted them on the new housing. Does anybody have a pic of a steel manufactured housing? I'd just about swear that mine is cast, but I'm not sure.
Interesting I worked at H and H Mack in Rockaway in parts back in 97 for about a year and a half.This was when triaxles started to become real popular in Jersey and they were specced light with 44 rears most of them. At one time we had fifteen axle housing replacements at once because these guys were overloading the crap out of these trucks and cracking the housings. When Mack finally came out with the 46's that seemed to solve a lot of problems. A lot of guys went to 50's, 52's and 54's and upgraded to 12r24.5's. The triaxle I ran for Gulino was Sanchez's and it had 52's, 20 tag and 18 front but Joe changed tires to 12r's rear and 425's on tag and front. We did a lot of dirt work so this truck held up pretty well. I'm not a fan of light tri axles.
If anyone is in need of any Mack axle housings I have good used ones in stock. They are sanded and then checked for cracks or past weld repairs and have inspected bearing journals and then painted and ready for instalation. Can ship anywhare
QU10716 1992-2007 GM NV4500 4x4 Rear Housing is a genuine New Old Stock (NOS) New Venture precision machined, cast aluminum NV4500 4x4 tailhousing for all 1992-2007 GM New Venture NV4500 5 speed manual transmissions in K1500, K2500, and K3500 4x4 trucks. 8 bolt front bolt pattern x 6 bolt round rear bolt pattern. USA Made.
Tech Note 3: SealantEarly production NV4500 Transmissions used an anaerobic sealant (QU90003) to seal between the main case and input bearing retainer, top cover, and rear housing. Mid-production units used anaerobic sealant just on the input retainer and RTV for everything else. Later production transmissions used black RTV Sealant (QU90006 or QU90005) for everything. Either type of sealant works fine (except the PTO covers ALWAYS should be sealed with RTV), but I prefer RTV for all components. Regardless of which sealant you use, make sure excess sealant does not block the lube access hole at the top of input retainer pilot that fits into the transmission case! Also, the threaded holes in the main case for the four retainer bolts and 12 PTO bolts are open ended, so you must use new bolts with factory applied threadlocker or apply Threadlocker (S24200) to your existing bolts to prevent oil seepage past the bolt threads. See my TM1003 NV4500 Shop Manual or VSG1003DVD NV4500 Overhaul Video for more information.
Tech Note 4: Cracked HousingIf your original transmission rear housing cracked, check for broken motor mounts. A broken motor mount can cause the engine to twist beyond what the aluminum rear (tailshaft) housing can handle. Loose Transfer Case mounting bolts can also cause a rear housing to crack. A transmission that is run out of oil will frequently have a cracked housing, but it may be difficult to determine if the case cracked before or after the lube oil was lost.
My Turbo leaks between the core and the exhaust housing when the car is stationary and after 2 days, i noticed the turbo was missing one bolt on the exhaust housing, could that be the reason why oil is seeping thru?.
Hey there i have mazdaspeed axela, had a smoking issue before and turbo and pcv system was upgraded never had a problem for 3000miles, then smoking occured again, although compression and leak down tests were done no actual faults were established until my brother noticed a crack in the rear housing of the turbo, about an inch long. We cleaned the oil thatd been leaking out this crack with brake cleaner and started it, it backfired alot so we knew the brake clean has made its way through. Any reason oil leaks through that exhaust housing crack? And is it safe to drive it to repair shop if i have sufficiant oil in the sump and no other problems? Thanks.
SuspensionMAXX specializes in providing many incremental lift height options. So you can obtain just the right size blocks you need to match the rear ride height to that of the front while carrying a load. Kits are also available for trucks equipped with top mounted overload springs, also called helper springs.
A much better choice for that same LQ4 6.0L truck engine or even a smaller 5.3L version would be the stock LS2 cam. This cam still offers increased duration over the stock version but also adds as much as 0.50-inch more valve lift. Swapping to this LS2 cam should be accompanied by improved valve springs as well. If you are considering this swap, keep in mind that the LS2 cam was part of the Gen IV configuration and will require converting to a front cam sensor. This involves purchasing a new LS2 cam cover and cam sensor along with a new cam drive gear with the appropriate sensor lugs. This is true when installing any Gen IV camshaft in a Gen III engine. This is because the Gen IV cams do not offer a cam sensor trigger at the rear of the cam like the Gen III cams.
(a) External inspection. An external inspection shall be performed as follows: (1) Verify ownership, legality and proof of financial responsibility. For the purpose of this subchapter, ownership and legality shall be proven by a vehicle registration card, certificate of title or manufacturer’s statement of origin. When a vehicle being held for resale is presented for inspection by a dealer licensed to sell vehicles in this Commonwealth, a VIN-specific auction slip or VIN-specific secure power of attorney evidencing the dealership’s acquisition of the vehicle, or both, may be presented instead of a vehicle registration card, certificate of title or manufacturer’s statement of origin. Reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) When vehicle ownership and legality are demonstrated by presentation of certificate of title, manufacturer’s statement of origin, VIN-specific auction slip or VIN-specific secure power of attorney: (A) The VIN is not in agreement with the certificate of title, manufacturer’s statement of origin, VIN-specific auction slip or VIN-specific secure power of attorney. Exception: If only one digit is incorrect or two digits are transposed, and the owner provides evidence that the appropriate Department form has been completed to correct the error or transposition. (B) The VIN plate is not securely fastened or is defaced, misplaced or missing. (ii) When vehicle ownership and legality are demonstrated by presentation of vehicle registration card: (A) The license plate is not in agreement with the numbers on the vehicle registration card. Exception: If only one digit is incorrect or two digits are transposed, and the owner provides evidence that the appropriate Department form has been completed to correct an error or transposition. (B) The license plate is hanging loosely from its mounting bracket. (C) The license plate is obscured so that the numbers cannot be identified. (D) The license plate lamp, if so equipped, does not illuminate the license plate, except truck-tractors. (iii) Acceptable proof of financial responsibility is not provided. For the purpose of this chapter, financial responsibility shall be proven by one of the following documents: (A) A valid financial responsibility identification card issued in accordance with 31 Pa. Code (relating to insurance). (B) The declaration page of a valid insurance policy. (C) A valid self-insurance identification card. (D) A valid binder of insurance issued by an insurance company licensed to sell motor vehicle liability insurance in this Commonwealth. (E) A valid insurance policy issued by an insurance company licensed to sell motor vehicle liability insurance in this Commonwealth. (2) Check the glazing. (i) Reject if any of the following apply: (A) Approved safety glazing is not used in every windshield, window or wing. (B) A sign, poster or other material whose design prevents a driver from seeing through the material, obstructs, obscures or impairs the driver’s clear view of the highway or an intersecting highway. Under FMVSS No. 205, this restriction does not apply to the rear side windows, rear wings or rear window of vehicles subject to this subchapter. (C) A vehicle displays a sticker other than those prescribed under 175.97(c)(relating to glazing), or displays a parking sticker in a location described in 175.97(d). (D) The glass is shattered, broken or has any exposed sharp edges. (E) The windshield is removed. (F) There are defects in an acute area of the windshield—center of the critical area on the driver’s side of the vehicle directly in the driver’s normal line of vision—8 1/2 inches wide and 5 1/2 inches high—or discolorations or hazardous cracks to the front, right, left or rear of the driver which would interfere with the driver’s vision. (G) Glass etchings, except those used for vehicle identification, are on windshield or front side windows. (H) Glass etchings extend more than 3 1/2 inches from lowest exposed portion of rear window, rear side windows or rear wings. (ii) This paragraph does not prohibit the use of a product or material along the top edge of the windshield as long as the product or material is transparent and does not encroach upon the AS-1 portion of the windshield as provided by FMVSS No. 205, and the product or material is not more than 3 inches from the top of the windshield. (3) Check the windshield wiper system and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The wipers do not operate as specified by the manufacturer, or 45 cycles per minute if not specified. (ii) The wiper blades are torn or smear or streak the windshield after five cycles. (iii) There is only one wiper, where two are required. (iv) Wipers do not return to the rest position. (v) The windshield washers, if originally so equipped, do not operate. (4) Check the door operation, including tailgate, and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The doors are not on the vehicle if originally fitted by manufacturer. (ii) The doors, including the tailgate, if so equipped, do not open and close securely. (iii) Tailgate or equivalent is not on the vehicle, unless removed for the addition of optional equipment that is present at the time of the inspection. (5) Check the outside mirrors and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) A required mirror is cracked, broken, missing or discolored. (ii) The mirror will not hold adjustment. (iii) The vehicle does not have a mirror where required for the driver’s side and one on the opposite side, each with a minimum reflective surface as follows: Gross Vehicle WeightRequired Reflective SurfaceLess than 10,001 pounds19.5 square inches Over 10,000 pounds50 square inches (iv) Outside rearview mirrors, with a minimum reflective surface as described in 175.98 (relating to mirrors), are not installed on both sides of the vehicle if a certificate of exemption for a sun screening device or other material has been issued by the Department. See 175.264 (relating to mirrors). A vehicle for which a certificate of exemption has been issued for medical reasons may be equipped with only a left outside rearview mirror, unless originally equipped with an outside rearview mirror on both sides of the vehicle. (6) Check the fenders, hood and trunk lid and reject if any of the following apply: (i) Any fender, front or rear, has been removed. (ii) The fenders are not of a type and size used as original equipment. (iii) The hood does not cover the entire motor compartment or cannot be fully closed. (iv) The trunk lid does not close. (v) The fender flares exceed 3 inches in width. (7) Check the flooring and floor beds and reject if any of the following apply: (i) They are not in a condition to support the occupants and cargo. (ii) The floor pan is rusted through so as to cause a hazard to occupants or to permit exhaust gases to enter passenger compartment. (iii) Not equipped with rear wheel shields—mudflaps—as required under 75 Pa.C.S. 4533 (relating to rear wheel shields). (iv) The lamps or wiring are attached to any guard or flap. (v) A flap or guard does not consist of suitable metal protectors or substantial flexible flaps which are strong enough to prevent stones or objects from being thrown through them. (vi) On buses, reject if any of the following apply: (A) The step well or floor on the bus is cluttered or worn to present tripping hazard. (B) The guard rails or grab rails on the bus are loose or fastening parts are missing. (C) The service doors on a bus, bind, jam or malfunction, preventing proper operation. (D) The emergency exit is not easily accessible. (E) The inside or outside quick release mechanism on emergency doors or windows on the bus fails to function positively or opens accidently or too easily. (8) Check the bumpers and reject if any of the following apply: (i) The bumpers are not on the vehicle if required as original equipment. (ii) The bumpers are not firmly attached to the frame or chassis. (iii) Some part of the horizontal bumper bar on medium and heavy trucks and buses does not fall within 16—30 inches above ground level. (iv) A broken or torn portion is protruding so as to create a hazard. (v) The bumper extends beyond the body line or is longer than originally equipped, whichever is greater. (9) Check the lamps and lenses and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) An exterior bulb or sealed beam, if originally equipped or installed, fails to light properly, except ornamental lights. (ii) The turn signal lamps do not flash between 60—120 flashes per minute. (iii) The turn signal lamps do not properly indicate the right or left or hold in position when so switched or do not self-cancel if originally designed to do so. (iv) The back-up lamp does not turn off automatically when the vehicle goes forward, there is no indicator on dash that lights or there is no audible warning signal. (v) The lamp shows a color contrary to the lighting chart. (vi) The lamp or filament indicated at the switch position does not light when the correct switch indicates the lamp should be on. (vii) The lamp has a missing or broken lens. (viii) A required lamp is missing. (ix) The auxiliary equipment is placed on, in or in front of a lamp. Exception: A bus used for public transportation may be equipped with a device used to carry pedalcycles mounted on the front of the bus if the device, including the pedalcycle, does not extend more than 36 inches. (x) The fog lamps operate with the high beams of headlamps. (xi) The auxiliary driving lamps operate with the low beam of a standard headlamp system or alone. (xii) The headlamps are out of adjustment as follows: (A) Mechanical aimer: (I) The horizontal aim is more than 4 inches to the left or right. (II) The vertical aim is higher or lower than 4 inches from the center. (B) Screen or photo electric type tester. (See Charts 1—3 (relating to headlight aiming screen distance and marking identification; high beam inspection limits; and low beam inspection limits): (I) Turn the lamps on high beam and reject if the center of the beam is horizontally more than 4 inches to the right or left of straight ahead or if the center of the light beam is vertically more than 4 inches above or below horizontal line. (II) Turn the lamps on low beam and reject if the upper edge of the beam is more than 4 inches above or below horizontal center line of headlamp or if inner edge of beam is more than 4 inches to right or left of vertical line. (10) Check for protruding metal and reject if torn metal, glass or other loose or dislocated parts protrude from the surface of the vehicle so as to create a hazard. (11) Check the fuel tank cap and reject if the fuel tank filler cap is missing. (12) Check the shock absorbers and reject if the vehicle continues a free rocking motion greater than three cycles after release, indicating loss of the shock absorber function. (13) Inspect the fifth wheel completely and reject if any of the following apply: (i) The lower half of the fifth wheel is not securely affixed by U-bolts or by other secure means. (ii) The lower half of the fifth wheel is cracked, loose or missing or has inoperative locking devices. (b) Internal inspection. An internal inspection shall be performed as follows: (1) Check the steering column completely and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) Freeplay exceeds the following allowances: Wheel diameterFreeplay 16 inches or less2 inches 18 inches2 1/4 inches 20 inches2 1/2 inches 22 inches2 3/4 inches (ii) The gear box is loose on the frame. (iii) The energy-absorbing column is defective. (iv) The steering wheel, except one specially designed for a handicapped driver, is not circular or equivalent in strength to original equipment or has an outside diameter of less than 13 inches. (v) The front wheels cannot be turned to the full right or left position without binding or interference. (vi) The flexible steering coupler—rag joint—is badly misaligned—twisted or out of alignment between attaching collars. (vii) The U-bolts, or positioning parts, are absent or loose. Some steering column systems are designed to permit some movement. (viii) The steering wheel is not properly secured. (2) Check the high beam and turn signal indicator lights and reject if indicator lights are not working. (3) Check the horn and reject if any of the following apply: (i) There is no horn or other acceptable audible warning device. (ii) The horn or other warning device is not audible under normal conditions for a distance of not less than 200 feet. (iii) The vehicle is equipped with a siren, bell, whistle or a device emitting a harsh or unreasonably loud sound, except on emergency vehicles and vehicles equipped with an antitheft device. (4) Check the brake pedal and reject if any of the following apply: (i) The brake pedal travel exceeds 80% of total available travel. (ii) The brake pedal fades while vehicle is stopped. (iii) There is excessive friction in the pedal linkage or components, if the pedal levers are misaligned or improperly positioned, or if the pedal pad is missing. (iv) The low-vacuum indicator fails to activate at a reading of 8 inches Hg (mercury). (v) Any brake warning system is not working. (vi) Air brakes, if any of the following apply: (A) With the engine stopped and brakes not applied, the gauge indicates a loss of more than 3 pounds per minute. (B) With the engine running, the gauge indicates a loss of more than 4 pounds per minute after the full brake application for 2 minutes. (C) With the engine running at fast idle, the time to raise the pressure to cutout exceeds 5 minutes. (D) A warning device—audible or visible—does not operate at all pressures at and below 60 psi pressure. (5) Check the parking brake operation and reject if the pedal or lever reaches its limit of travel before the parking brakes are set. (6) Check the seat and safety belts if the vehicle is so equipped and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The driver’s seat or back rest is not firmly attached. (ii) The metal spring protrudes from the driver’s seat. (iii) The seat adjusting mechanism slips out of a set position. (iv) There is no safety belt for each seating location, if the vehicle was originally so equipped, or if seats have been added. (v) The safety belt webbing is frayed. (vi) The belt buckles do not operate properly. (vii) The belt anchorages are broken. (7) Check the inside mirror and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The mirror is cracked, broken or discolored. (ii) The mirror will not hold adjustment. (iii) An object or material is hung from or blocking inside mirror. (iv) Mirror is missing, unless the vehicle is equipped with outside mirror, except on school buses. (8) Check front windshield defroster system, if so equipped, and reject if the defroster fan does not function. (c) Under the hood inspection. An under the hood inspection shall be performed as follows: (1) Check the hood and reject if any of the following apply: (i) The latch does not hold securely in fully closed position. (ii) The latch release mechanism or its parts are broken, missing or so poorly adjusted so that hood cannot be closed properly. (iii) The double latch mechanism is not operating as originally equipped. (2) Check the motor mounts, either here or during beneath vehicle inspection, and reject if the motor mounts are broken, cracked or missing. (3) Check the air pressure and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The air pressure relief valve does not operate. (ii) The compressor drive belts are worn, loose or frayed so as to prevent proper operation of the compressor. (iii) Air intake cleaner is clogged so as to prevent proper air intake. (iv) The air compressor has loose mounting bolts. (v) The air compressor has a cracked, broken or loose pulley. (4) Check the fuel systems and controls. (i) Reject if any of the following apply: (A) There is liquid fuel leakage at any point in system. (B) Part of fuel line is not securely fastened. (C) A fuel tank or line was not specifically designed or manufactured as fuel tank or line. (D) A fuel line is in contact with high temperature surfaces or moving parts. (E) The fuel tank or line intrudes into a driver, passenger or cargo compartment, except if the vehicle was originally so equipped. (F) The throttle does not return to the idle position when the actuating force is removed. (G) The firewall has holes or cracks which would permit fumes to enter the driver and passenger compartments. (ii) If the vehicle is equipped with an alternate fuel system, see Subchapter M (relating to alternate fuel systems and controls). (5) Check the exhaust system and reject if there is an exhaust leak. (6) Check the brake system and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The master cylinder leaks. (ii) The power brake lines or hydraulic hoses or lines leak or are disconnected, flattened or restricted. (iii) The hydraulic booster for the power brake system is leaking or inoperative or has excessively worn belts that would prevent proper operation of the pump. (iv) The brake hoses seep or swell under application of pressure. (v) The connecting hoses are improperly joined; for example, a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube. (7) Check the battery and reject if the battery is not securely fastened with a device specifically designed for that function. (8) Check steering gear box and reject if loose on frame. (d) Beneath the vehicle inspection. A beneath the vehicle inspection shall be performed as follows: (1) Inspect the tires and wheels and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) A tire has two adjacent treads with less than 2/32-inch tread remaining at any point—less than 4/32-inch tread on the front tires of vehicles having gross weight in excess of 10,000 pounds. (ii) The tire is worn so that tread wear indicators contact the road in any two adjacent grooves. (iii) Part of the ply or cord is exposed. (iv) A tire has been repaired with a blow-out patch or boot. (v) There is a bump, bulge or separation. (vi) A tire is marked ‘‘not for highway use,’’ ‘‘for racing purposes only’’ or ‘‘unsafe for highway use,’’ or has a similar designation. This subparagraph is not applicable if the Department has issued a permit under 75 Pa.C.S. 4969 (relating to permit for movement of vehicles with oversize wheels and tires) authorizing the vehicle to be operated with oversize wheels and tires. (vii) There are other conditions or markings reasonably believed to render tire unsafe for highway use. (viii) The front tire on a bus is retreaded or recapped. (ix) A front tire has been regrooved. (x) A tire has been regrooved or recut below the original tread design depth, except a tire which is identified as having extra undertread rubber. (xi) The diameter of one of the duals is not within 3/8 inch of other. (xii) A tire’s tread extends beyond the outer edge of the wheel housing, inclusive of fender flares, or exceeds the manufacturer’s specifications as to size. (xiii) The tires used on same axle are not the same size or type of construction—bias, belted, radial or snow. (xiv) The wheel nuts or bolts are missing or loose or have improper thread engagement. (xv) The stud or bolt holes are worn out of round. (xvi) Part of wheel is bent, cracked, welded or damaged so as to affect safe operation of vehicle. (xvii) The rear wheel does not track the front wheel in the straight ahead position as originally designed. (xviii) The wheel base on one side differs from the wheel base on other side by more than 1 inch, unless the vehicle’s design specifications indicate different left and right wheel base dimensions. (xix) Studded tires are in use after April 15 and before November 1. (xx) Any axle has missing tires or rims. (xxi) A tire makes contact with the body or chassis. (xxii) A tire is smaller than the manufacturer’s recommended minimum size or below the manufacturer’s recommended load rating. (2) Inspect the steering system and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) Movement at the front or rear of a tire is greater than 1/4 inch on wheels 16 inches or under, greater than 3/8 inch on wheels 17 inches or 18 inches, or greater than 1/2 inch on wheels over 18 inches. Make sure any looseness detected is not wheel bearing free play. (ii) The linkage components are not secured with cotter pins or other suitable devices. (iii) The steering stops allow the tire to rub on the frame or the chassis parts. (iv) The front wheels are incapable of being turned to the right and left steering stops without binding or interference. (v) The universal joint is worn, faulty or shows repairs that were obviously welded. (vi) The front axle beam or steering components are cracked or show repairs that were obviously welded. (3) Inspect the suspension system and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The ball joint movement is in excess of the manufacturer’s specifications. (ii) The shock absorbers are missing. (iii) The shock absorber mounting bolts or mounts are broken. (iv) The shock absorbers have severe leakage—not slight dampness. (v) The sway or stabilizer bar is missing or broken if originally equipped. (vi) The coil spring or main leaf spring is broken. (vii) The spring attaching part is loose, badly worn, broken or missing. (viii) The king pin movement is in excess of 1/4 inch on rims less than 20 inches in diameter. (ix) The king pin movement is in excess of 1/2 inch on rims 20 inches in diameter or larger. (x) A torsion bar spring is broken. (xi) A part of a torque, radius or tracking component assembly or a part used for attaching the same to the vehicle frame or axle is cracked, loose, broken or missing. This subparagraph does not apply to loose bushings in torque or track rods. (xii) The air suspension is leaking or deflated. (4) Inspect the floor and reject if any of the following apply: (i) The floor bed or inner panels have openings which would allow exhaust gases to enter either occupant compartment or trunk. (ii) The floor bed is not sufficient to hold the weight of the driver, passengers and cargo. (5) Inspect the vehicle frame and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The vehicle frame is not in solid condition. (ii) The repairs are made with tape, tar paper or cloth, or are made in another temporary manner. (iii) The frame components are missing, cracked, rotted or broken, or are in a deteriorated or dangerous condition. (iv) An adjustable axle assembly has locking pins missing or not engaged. (6) Inspect the exhaust system and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The vehicle has no muffler or noise suppressing system or the muffler has external repair. (ii) There are loose or leaking joints. (iii) There are holes, cracks or leaking seams in the exhaust system. (iv) There is a muffler cutout or similar device. (v) Part of the exhaust system passes through the occupant compartments. (vi) The elements are not securely fastened with proper clamps and hangers. (vii) The exposed exhaust system does not have an adequate heat shield or protective system. (viii) The exhaust does not discharge to the outside edge of the vehicle body, including a truck bed, or as originally designed, except for the following: (A) Gasoline powered buses, including school buses. The exhaust system of a bus powered by a gasoline engine shall discharge to the atmosphere at or within 6 inches forward of the rearmost part of the bus. (B) Buses, including school buses, powered by fuels other than gasoline. The exhaust system of a bus using fuels other than gasoline shall discharge to the atmosphere either at or within 15 inches forward of the rearmost part of the vehicle; or to the rear of all doors or windows designed to be opened, except windows designed to be opened solely as emergency exits. (7) Inspect the braking system and remove at least one front and one opposite rear wheel. It is not necessary to remove the wheel and drum assembly if there is a removable backing plate that allows examination of the brake system. Reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) The hydraulic hoses or tubing leaks; is flattened, restricted, insecurely fastened or improperly retained; or has exposed cords. (ii) The wheel cylinder leaks, has missing parts or is improperly retained or not functioning. (iii) The caliper leaks, has missing parts or is improperly retained or not functioning. (iv) The lining is broken; not firmly attached to the shoe; or is contaminated with oil, grease or another substance that would affect proper brake operation. (v) There are leaks in the air brake system valves, diaphragms or piston cups. (vi) The drums are scored deeper than .060 inch. (vii) The inside diameter of the drum is greater than the maximum diameter stamped on the drum or greater than .090 inch over the original drum diameter for unmarked drums less than 14 inches, or greater than .120 inch over original drum diameter for unmarked drums 14 inches or larger. (viii) The disc thickness is less than the minimum stamped on the assembly or less than the manufacturer’s specifications. (ix) The bonded linings are less than 3/32 inch at the thinnest point. (x) The riveted linings are less than 1/32 inch above the rivet head at the thinnest point. (xi) The bolted lining is worn to less than 5/16 inch at the center of the shoe. (xii) The air pressure relief valve does not operate. (xiii) The air compressor belts are worn, loose or frayed so as to prevent the proper operation of the compressor. (xiv) The air intake cleaner is clogged so as to prevent proper air intake. (xv) There is mechanical damage other than wear. (xvi) A truck or truck-tractor with three or more axles manufactured after October 26, 1986, is not equipped with service brakes on all axles. (xvii) A truck or truck-tractor with three or more axles manufactured between July 24, 1980 and October 27, 1986, is not equipped with service brakes on all axles after February 26, 1988. (xviii) The brake hoses seep or swell under application of pressure. (xix) The connecting hoses are improperly joined; for example, a splice made by sliding the hose ends over a piece of tubing and clamping the hose to the tube. (xx) One or more of the following are mismatched across a motor vehicle steering axle: (A) Air chamber size. (B) Slack adjuster length. (C) Retracted push rod lengths differing by more than 1/2 inch. (8) Inspect critical body mounts and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) Body mounts do not hold as required. (ii) A body mount is broken, cracked, deteriorated or missing. (9) Inspect the fuel system and reject if one or more of the following apply: (i) There is fuel leakage. (ii) Part of the system is not securely fastened. (iii) The system is not properly routed. (e) Road test. Perform a road test and reject if one or more of the following apply: (1) The parking brake fails to exhibit normal resistance when an attempt is made to move the vehicle both forward and backward from a stopped position. (2) The automatic transmission will not hold in the park position. (3) The vehicle is not capable of stopping within the maximum stopping distance prescribed in Table I or swerves so that any part leaves the 12-foot lane. (4) There is a malfunction of the braking or steering mechanism—particularly shimmy, wander or pull—or another questionable operating behavior that affects the safe operation of the vehicle. (5) The speedometer does not operate. (6) The odometer does not operate, except a motor vehicle at least 25 years old or a vehicle over 17,000 pounds registered gross weight. (7) The vehicle cannot be driven both forward and backward.Authority 2ff7e9595c
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